how mobile network works

how mobile network works:

Mobile networks are also known as cellular networks. They're made up of "cells," which are areas of land that are typically hexagonal, have at least one transceiver cell tower within their area, and use various radio frequencies. These cells connect to one another and to telephone switches or exchanges. Cell towers connect to each other to hand off packets of signals—data, voice, and text messaging—ultimately bringing these signals to mobile devices such as phones and tablets that act as receivers.

Providers use each others' towers in many areas, creating a complex web that offers the widest possible network coverage to subscribers. 

Very simply, a mobile phone network is made up of a large number of geographic areas called ‘cells’. These cells are arranged to provide large areas of mobile coverage. Within these cells are mobile base stations that send and receive radio signals to and from mobile handsets located in those cells to enable their users to connect to the internet and make calls.

These base stations are all linked via a transmission network back to the mobile carrier’s core network which manages connections between its customers and other mobile users as well as between its customers and the internet.

Mobile base station:

A mobile base station is typically made up of:

Antennas – send and receive radio signals to/from users within the cell.

A tower or supporting structure – where the antennas are mounted, this could be on top or side of a building, or a separate mast or tower.

Electronic equipment – which supports the operations of the base station which are stored in a cabinet or shelter.

Transmission – which is the link back to the mobile carrier’s core network, which can be either fiber optic cable or a microwave wireless connection.

Frequencies:

Many network subscribers use mobile networks' frequencies at the same time. Cell tower sites and mobile devices manipulate the frequencies so that they can use low-power transmitters to supply their services with the least possible interference.

3G, 4G, and 5G Networks:

Mobile networks have evolved through a series of generations, each representing significant technological improvements over the previous generations. The first two generations of mobile networks first introduced analog voice (1G) and then a digital voice (2G). Subsequent generations supported the proliferation of smartphones by introducing data connections (3G) and allowing access to the internet. 4G service networks improved data connections, making them faster and better able to provide greater bandwidth for uses such as streaming.

The latest technology is the 5G network, which promises even faster speeds and greater bandwidth compared with 4G while reducing interference with other nearby wireless devices. Where 4G uses frequencies below 6 GHz, newer 5G networks use shorter wavelength signals with much higher frequencies, in the range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz. These frequencies provide higher bandwidth and allow signals to be more directional, thus reducing interference.

What is the mobile network called?

cellular network:

A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless. The network is distributed over land areas called "cells", each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver (typically three cell sites or base transceiver stations).

How does mobile network tower work?

A user's mobile telephone communicates through the air with a base station antenna, which in turn links to the central exchange of the operator – a computer. This routes the communication to the corresponding party on the fixed network or via other base stations.